Interfaces proactivas móviles desde Legacies Web: Un enfoque de diseño conductual

Contexto: Los sistemas heredados o legacies son sistemas independientes construidos en una era tecnológica anterior que disponen de precaria documentación que se resisten significativamente a su modificación y evolución, para cubrir cambios en sus requerimientos, además son grandes sistemas parcialmente desconocidos y vitales para las organizaciones y que en su mayoría no poseen financiamiento para mejoras. En contraposición a los legacies, las aplicaciones móviles cambiaron inesperadamente la vida de las personas dado que las aplicaciones son una herramienta omnipresente en la vida cotidiana y clave fundamental en los modelos de negocio en todo el mundo. Los problemas de usabilidad de aplicaciones heredadas se han estudiado en diferentes trabajos, debido a que desde este auge estos inconvenientes se han hecho evidentes cada día, algunos de los más relevantes radican en la legibilidad de la tipografía, los iconos, el tamaño, la orientación de la pantalla, la pérdida de tiempo y la excesiva carga cognitiva para los usuarios debido al tamaño de la pantalla, entre otras limitaciones de los dispositivos. Objetivo: En esta tesis se propone un enfoque empático multidisciplinario que permite la correcta portabilización de legacies web a móviles a través de algoritmos predictivos como las cadenas de Markov que ofrecen una mejorada experiencia de usuario a través de la obtención del modelo de comportamiento de navegación avalada por métricas de usabilidad, de manera adicional se logra la mejora de la productividad laboral y el cumplimiento de las heurísticas de Nielsen. Método: Este estudio se basó en el método de ingeniería del paradigma evolutivo el cual se trata de observar las soluciones existentes, etapa realizada a través de un mapeo y revisión sistemática de la literatura de la última década, luego se debe proponer mejores soluciones, crear o desarrollar, medir y analizar y repetir hasta que no haya más mejoras posibles, etapa en la cual se propone el enfoque empático basado en el modelo Markoviano para obtener el modelo de navegación del usuario, entregado a través del mínimo producto viable en varias iteraciones hasta lograr perfeccionar el modelo. Por lo tanto, llegar a una mejor propuesta final depende en gran medida de la creatividad y el sentido común aplicado a la construcción del nuevo método. Esta vista orientada a la mejora evolutiva supone que el investigador ya tiene modelos del proceso de software, producto, personas, del entorno y modifica el modelo o los aspectos del modelo para mejorar lo que se está estudiando. Resultados: En el mapeo sistemático se obtienen 44 artículos que presentan diferentes enfoques que solucionan de manera básica, parcial o especifica la portabilización, se evidencia que no existen enfoques de diseño centrados en el usuario, tampoco basados en modelos de Markov y que las propuestas no son evaluadas con métricas como la de la productividad laboral, heurísticas de Nielsen ni las de la ISO 9241-11, así como la Leyes de Fitts y Hick. Al proponer y posteriormente implementar este enfoque empático a través de una herramienta se logra demostrar que la productividad laboral mejora en un rango de 75% a 530% con respecto a la aplicación original, por otro lado, los tiempos de consecución de las tareas se reducen en una proporción de 3 a 1 para los casos analizados. Los deslizamientos en pantalla se reducen en promedio a la mitad. Además, la satisfacción del usuario a través de una encuesta muestra un aumento en la calificación de parámetros de estética y diseño, la facilidad de uso, los contenidos e información, y la utilidad para el 100% de los usuarios. Cabe destacar que a partir de este estudio se han logrado cinco publicaciones SCOPUS. Conclusiones: La contribución incluye un trabajo transdisciplinario que demuestra que este modelo hace posible un diseño de interfaz inteligente y proactivo, considerando además variables sociodemográficas directamente relacionadas que contribuyen a la economía del contexto. Este estudio apoya la idea de que incluir cadenas de Markov para predecir el comportamiento del usuario podría ser una de las teorías conductuales que se pueden aplicar para mejorar otros enfoques, como los sistemas basados en modelos, en términos de asignación automática de pesos y prioridades. Por otro lado la tecnología al fin de cuentas debe apoyar la producción de valor en el negocio, por lo que los enfoques para el desarrollo y diseño de sistemas deben considerar metodologías interdisciplinarias, transversales que incluyan profesionales o teorías establecidas por otras áreas como la sociología, economía, matemática que permitan humanizar el software con la capacitad de predecir las conductas para que el producto llegue a ser lo que el cliente quiere, inclusive alcanzar una investigación aplicada al ciudadano. A través de este tipo de enfoques, las empresas pueden llegar a ser más independientes de las redes sociales enriqueciendo la base de clientes, generando su propio big data, CRMs, business intelligence y finalmente inbound marketing que permita ser una organización orientada por los datos generando la hiperpersonalización. Por tanto, los perfiles de usuario juegan un papel importante ya que ayudan a definir diferentes niveles de personalización para aumentar el valor de vida útil del cliente (CLV) y también el retorno sobre inversión (ROI) en la transformación digital. Como trabajo futuro, se planea la mejora continua del enfoque e integrar en primera instancia todas las personalizaciones en un solo sitio web para que el usuario con un único inicio de sesión pueda acceder a todas sus personalizaciones y comportamientos de navegación para que no deba instalar el script de un dispositivo a otro.Context: Inherited systems or legacies are independent systems built in a previous technological era that have precarious documentation that significantly resist to its modification and evolution, to cover changes in its requirements, furthermore, are large systems that are partially unknown and vital for organizations and most of them do not have financing for improvements. In contrast to legacies, mobile applications have unexpectedly changed people’s lives due to applications are an omnipresent tool in daily life and a fundamental key in business models around the world. The usability problems of legacy inherited applications have been studied in different works, because since this boom these drawbacks have become evident every day, some of the most relevant lie in the legibility of typography, icons, size, orientation of the screen, the waste of time and the excessive cognitive load for the users due to the size of the screen among other limitations of the devices. Objective: In this thesis, a multidisciplinary empathic approach is proposed that allows the correct portability of web legacies to mobiles through predictive algorithms such as Markov chains that offer an improved user experience through obtaining the guaranteed navigation behavior model by usability metrics, additionally the improvement of labor productivity and compliance of Nielsen heuristics is achieved. Method: This study was based on the evolutionary paradigm engineering method which tries to observe the existing solutions, a stage carried out through a mapping and systematic review of the literature of the last decade, then better solutions must be proposed, created or developed, to measure and analyze and repeat until no more improvements are possible, stage in which the empathic approach based on the Markovian model is proposed to obtain the user navigation model, delivered through the minimum viable product in several interactions until the model becomes perfected. Therefore, reaching a better final proposal depends largely on creativity and common sense applied to the construction of the new method. This evolutionary improvement oriented view assumes that the researcher already has models of the software process, product, people, and environment as well as modifies the model or aspect of the model to improve what is being studied. Results: In the systematic mapping, 44 articles are obtained that present different approaches that solve portability in a basic, partial or specific way, it is evident that there are no user- centered design approaches, nor are based on Markov models and that the proposals are not evaluated with metrics as the labor productivity, Nielsen heuristics nor the ISO 9241-11, as well as the Laws of Fitts and Hicks. By proposing and subsequently implementing this empathetic approach through a tool, it is possible to demonstrate that labor productivity improves in a range of 75% to 530% with respect to the original application, on the other hand, the times for completing tasks are reduced in a proportion of 3 to 1. Screen swipes are reduced by half on average. In addition, user satisfaction through a survey shows an increase in the rating of aesthetic and design parameters, ease of use, content and information, and usefulness for 100% of users. Noteworthy, that from this study five SCOPUS publications have been achieved. Conclusions: The contribution includes a transdisciplinary work that demonstrated that this model makes possible an intelligent and proactive interface design, also considering directly related sociodemographic variables that contribute to the economy of the context. This study supports the idea that including Markov chains to predict user behavior could be one of the behavioral theories that can be applied to improve other approaches, such as models based on systems, in terms of automatic assignment of weights and priorities. On the other hand, technology, in the end, must support the production of value in business, so the approaches for the development and design of systems must consider interdisciplinary, transversal methodologies that include professionals or theories established by other areas such as sociology, economics, mathematics that allow humanizing the software with the ability to predict behaviors so that the product becomes what the client wants, including achieving applied research for the citizen. Through this type of approach, companies can become more independent of social networks, enriching the customer base, generating their own big data, CRMs, business intelligence and finally inbound marketing that allows them to be an organization guided through the data generating hyperpersonalization. Therefore, user profiles play a significant role as they help define distinct levels of personalization to increase customer lifetime value (CLV) and return on investment (ROI) in digital transformation. As future work, it is planned to continuously improve the approach and integrate in the first instance all the customizations in a single website so that the user with a single login can access all their customizations and browsing behaviors, so the user should not have to install the script from one device to another.Facultad de Informátic

Challenges of Migrating Legacies Web to Mobile: A Systematic Literature Review

The multi-device era comes thanks to mobile computing which gives remote access to resources from anywhere changing the people’s life and opening new business opportunities. However, the legacy systems do not render the content properly in mobile devices because they were thought to be only compliant with Web browsers. Economic availability is often the reason why these have not been modernized. This work proposes a systematic literature review about the approaches used for the portabilization or modernization of web 1.0 business applications to mobile devices in the period 2006-2017, from SCOPUS, IEEE, and ACM. The search obtained 824 articles, 44 were selected and classified with respect to focus, scope, type of research and type of contribution. The results obtained allowed us to reach conclusions about the state of the subject and to determine the research gaps, such as the need for better use of the mobile characteristics because the adaptations are mostly basic. In addition, an approach is proposed and compared with the aforementioned them.Facultad de InformáticaLaboratorio de Investigación y Formación en Informática Avanzad

Migrating legacy web applications

Applications are a ubiquitous tool when running on mobile devices become an opportunity for a new digital business model. However, enterprises implemented the core business in legacy applications that are not designed to run properly on mobile devices. Consequently, this migration involves time and cost. The main contribution of this study to these limitations is an approach to assist this migration based on Markov chains that is a predictive user behaviour method that allows that available functionality is prioritized, the experience of User Interface is re-thought, and the new design is evaluated with a preliminary running version of the legacy app. An experiment on ten participants shows that a dynamic user interface that implements the Markov model provides the users with better usability, evidenced with an improvement of productivity labour and the Nielsen heuristics comparison between versions. This work suggests this model makes possible a smart and proactive interface design

Challenges of Migrating Legacies Web to Mobile: A Systematic Literature Review

The multi-device era comes thanks to mobile com puting which gives remote access to resources from anywhere changing the people’s life and opening new business opportu nities. However, the legacy systems do not render the content properly in mobile devices because they were thought to be only compliant with Web browsers. Economic availability is often the reason why these have not been modernized. This work proposes a systematic literature review about the approaches used for the portabilization or modernization of web 1.0 business applications to mobile devices in the period 2006-2017, from SCOPUS, IEEE, and ACM. The search obtained 824 articles, where 37 were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The research questions were: PI1. What have been the contribution to the portability of business applications to mobile devices? PI2. What methods have been used? PI3. What is the nature of the contribution found? PI4. What are the objectives that are pursued in the research work?. The conclusions were obtained through the classification of selected papers with respect to focus, scope, type of research and type of contribution to give an answer to research questions. Then, the state of the art determines the main approaches such as model-driven development, content reorganization, augmentation, and specific migrations. However, certain research gaps were detected and detailed which represent exploration opportunities

An Approach for Migrating Legacy Applications to Mobile Interfaces

Mobile applications changed unexpectedly people life and business models around the world. Nevertheless, there are old applications, called legacies, without adaptation to mobile devices, because this adaptation or migration have a considerable cost in dependence of software scope. Currently, most users bring constantly their smartphones and other devices with them, especially millennials. For that reason, some approaches try to solve this portabilization, generating certain improvements. However, in the majority of these solutions there is not a direct participation of users; do not consider their visual identity, analysis of feeling or mining of opinion. This paper proposes getting the behavior web application model with Markov heuristics from the widgets closeness matrix, prior to adaptation in order to include the user logic

An Approach for Migrating Legacy Applications to Mobile Interfaces

Mobile applications changed unexpectedly people life and business models around the world. Nevertheless, there are old applications, called legacies, without adaptation to mobile devices, because this adaptation or migration have a considerable cost in dependence of software scope. Currently, most users bring constantly their smartphones and other devices with them, especially millennials. For that reason, some approaches try to solve this portabilization, generating certain improvements. However, in the majority of these solutions there is not a direct participation of users; do not consider their visual identity, analysis of feeling or mining of opinion. This paper proposes getting the behavior web application model with Markov heuristics from the widgets closeness matrix, prior to adaptation in order to include the user logic.Ponencia presentada en: 7th World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies, WorldCist'19 (España, abril de 2019).Laboratorio de Investigación y Formación en Informática Avanzad

INNOVA Research Journal

la Universidad Internacional del Ecuador (Sede Loja) en conjunto con la Fundación de Conservación Jocotoco, desde agosto de 2015, vienen desarrollando actividades de cuidado del tapir de montaña (Tapirus pinchaque) y los hábitats en los que se desarrolla en Los Andes del sur de Ecuador, en ambientes de bosque nublado y páramos de la Reserva Biológica Tapichalaca y zonas colindantes. Para ello se propuso la realización del presente proyecto que busca establecer un sistema de monitoreo e investigación de esta especie bandera con fines ecoturísticos, así como también para apoyar la capacitación en educación ambiental; mediante un diagnóstico preliminar y la implementación de un sistema de investigación y monitoreo de los especímenes mediante cámaras trampa y observación directa, con el fin de generar datos poblacionales e imágenes de esta especie en su hábitat natural e identificar los sitios más idóneos para observar estos animales en actividades de ecoturismo; se busca además crear cartillas y cuentos didácticos que describan los principales aspectos ecológicos del tapir de montaña, sin descuidar el desarrollo de propuestas de conservación, acordes con los objetivos del milenio, las metas estratégicas de los gobiernos autónomos descentralizados parroquiales y provinciales locales y los Planes de Manejo de los Parques Nacionales Podocarpus y Yacuri